Gideon vs Wainwright Essay Example For Students

Gideon versus Wainwright Essay The composers framed this nation with one sole record, the Constitution, whichthey composed with incredible insight and foreknowledge. This abundant astuteness emerged from the unjusttreatment of King George to which the homesteaders were subject. Among these infringement ofthe homesteaders rights were discriminatory preliminaries that made a joke of equity. Thus, afair preliminary of the denounced was a correct given to the residents alongside different values that theframers ingrained in each other feature of this countrys government. These affirmations ofthe residents rights expressed in the bill of rights. In the Sixth Amendment, it is expressed that, In every criminal indictment, theaccused will appreciate the rightto have the Assistance of Counsel for his resistance. A firstreading of this expression one may be believe that this right, what gives a personaccused of a wrongdoing to have legal counselors for his protection, is basic information being that it isamong the most esse ntial rights given to the populace of people in general. Nonetheless, the simplemanner in which this change is expressed makes an ill defined situation, and subject tointerpretation under various conditions. The authenticity of the option to mount a legaldefense is additionally clouded by the Fourteenth Amendment which expresses, No State shallmake or implement any law which will condense the benefits of residents of the UnitedStates. Subsequently, numerous inquiries start to emerge which look to decide the genuine rightof the blamed to the help for counsel. Should lawful advice be given by thegovernment if the blamed does not have the assets to gather an advice for his safeguard? Or on the other hand, onthe other hand, does this change set the obligation of amassing a defensivecounsel on the blamed regardless of whether the person comes up short on the assets to do so?Also, do the states reserve the option to make their own enactment with respect to the rightof the poor charged to have counsel named to them in the state preliminaries, or does theFourteenth Amendment forestall this? The Supreme Court was confronted with noting thesequestions on account of Gideon v. Wainwright. In June of 1961, Clarence Earl Gideon, a multi year old negligible criminal, vagabond, andgambler who had gone through quite a bit of his time on earth all through prison was captured in Panama CityFlorida. He was accused of breaking into a poolroom one night with an end goal to stealbeer, Coke, and coins from a cigarette machine (Goodman 62). From the start, Gideon demanded that he was blameless. His preliminary started in aFlorida court in August of that year. Gideon educated the Judge that he was notprepared for the preliminary to start since he had not gathered a lawful direction in hisdefense. He at that point mentioned that the court designate guidance to speak to him (Goodman62). The Judge reacted with the accompanying articulation: Mr. Gideon, I am heartbroken, yet I can't choose Counsel to speak to you for this situation. Under the laws of the State of Florida, the main time the Court can designate Counsel to speak to a respondent is the point at which that individual is accused of a capital offense. I am heartbroken, however I should deny your solicitation to designate Counsel to protect you for this situation (372 U.S. 335)The preliminary proceeded, and Gideon coordinated his protection; however his endeavors were pointless as onecould anticipate from a typical man with no lawful training or experience. The juryconvicted him of the felonious charges and gave Gideon the greatest multi year sentence(Goodman 62). At the hour of Gideons preliminary in the Florida court the privilege to lawful counselensured by the Sixth Amendment was just material to government cases, and states had theright to deal with the matter of the arrangement of legitimate direction to the protection in state casesat their watchfulness (Asch, 135). This training was an impact of the result of the UnitedStates Supreme Court instance of Betts v. Brady chose in 1942. For this situation, anunemployed ranch specialist in Maryland named Smith Betts was accused of robberyrequested that the court choose insight to his safeguard. The adjudicator denied this solicitation onthe grounds that in that region it was not practice in that region for the court to appointcounsel to poor litigants just in capital cases. Like Gideon, Betts directed his owndefense and was indicted and condemned to eight years in jail. Betts sent an intrigue tothe Supreme Court, however the Court governed against Betts in light of the fact that, the courts feeling was inthe incredible dominant part of states, it has been the viewed as judgment of the individuals, theirrepresentatives, and their courts that the arrangement of insight isn't a fundamentalright, basic to a reasonable preliminary (Goodman 64). With the point of reference set by the decision of Brady v. Betts, the forswearing of theappoint ment of insight by the preliminary court in the Gideon case was given with simply reason. Significance Of Reading EssayThis choice implied that Gideon got another preliminary. A preliminary where he had equitablerepresentation by an equipped legal counselor. In Gideons retrial, his court designated attorneyfulfilled his obligations with such greatness that Gideon was cleared. This choice had numerous significant ramifications. First off, every one of the several otherprisoners who had been sentenced without advantage for resistance counsel won their releaseFlorida prisons, just as the correctional facilities of different states (Goodman 66). This might be disconcertingbecause a portion of these detainees may have been blameworthy of their violations or solidified byprison, and these detainees are by and large calmly discharged into society. The State of Floridashould have retried these detainees as opposed to discharging them. In any case, the retrialprocess raises another inquiry If a detainee had a preliminary yet was denied legitimate counsel,does it abuse the segment of the Fifth Amendment, which expresses that, Nor will anyperson be subject for a similar offense to be twice placed in peril of life or appendage. TheFifth Amendment ensures the privilege of an individual who is cleared to not be attempted againfor a similar wrongdoing. Since the examiner can't offer like a convict can, or attempt theseprisoners again in another impartial and genuine preliminary, does it imply that these freedprisoners won't be retried?That isn't all the choice achieved, nonetheless. The most importantimplication set fortification in this preliminary is the additional confirmation of the authenticity of the predominance ofthe national government over the states. The intensity of the Federal government has grownsince the Civil War, wherein authenticity of the national government was firmlyestablished. The southern states felt that the genuine force was put resources into the state, and thattheir withdrawal was advocated. After the annihilation of these secessionist expresses, the legitimacyof the Federal government was built up, and has developed since that time. The marker ofthis is the Fourteenth Amendment which precludes the states from ordering and enforcingany law which shortens the privileges of the residents set out by the Bill of Rights. Thistheme fits the Gideon case in light of the fact that the decision implied that the states must give the SixthAmendment assurance to the litigant who is blamed for disregarding a state law. Thismeans that the express no longer has the intensity of caution in the execution of its ownlaws. Notwithstanding, for this situation, the predominance of the central government is all important andproper so as to make solidarity in the guarantee that the privileges of the residents set out by theconstitution are not encroached by the state. Works CitedGoodman, Elaine and Walter. The Rights of the People. Toronto: Doubleday, 1971. Asch, Sindey H. Social liberties and Responsibilites under the Constitution. New York:Arco Publishing Company, 1968. Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335 (1963). Wilson, James, and John J. DiIulio, Jr. American Government, foundations and Policies. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company, 1995. Equity Under Law: the Gideon Case. Videocassette. Reference book Britanica EducationalCorporation, 1967. Barker, Lucius, and Twiley Barker, Jr. Common Liberties and the Constitution. New Jersey:Prentince Hall, 1990.

Kids Who Kill

Children Who Kill Why Kids murder Over the previous decades brutal violations submitted by adolescents are on a consistent ascent. On pretty much every magazine spread and paper on practically any given day you can open it up and read how youngsters as youthful as 6 are carrying out repulsive rough violations on just about a day by day basis.Such reports are across the board and are customary subjects to political authorities, resident activity gatherings and additionally law requirement officials. The Political authorities are continually encouraging a get-intense approach.According to the F.B.I, America encountered its most elevated Juvenile Violent Crime Arrest rate ever in 1990. 430 for every 100,000 adolescents! The rate for Violent Crimes carried out by adolescents, took a sharp rotate toward the sky among both Black and White youth, while it dropped for youth of every single other race. In general, captures for Violent Crimes expanded 44 percent for White youth, 19 percent for Black youth betwe en 1980-1990, while just a 53 percent expansion among those of the Other Race category.Map of fierce violations in 2005 in Chicago community...All Violent Crimes aside from theft, indicated increments among all adolescents in the 1980's! In particular, the capture rate for Juvenile homicide expanded 145 percent for Black youth and 48 percent for White adolescents between 1965-1990. The general homicide capture rate for adolescents expanded 332 percent; joined by a 79 percent expansion in the quantity of adolescents who submitted murders with firearms, in 1990. Very nearly three out of four adolescent homicides utilized firearms to carry out their wrongdoings! (violentkids.com) An investigation by the National Crime Analysis-Project, affirms the FBI report. In that review, scientists found that the quantity of seventeen-year olds captured for homicide expanded 121 percent from 1985-1991, by 158 percent for sixteen-year olds, and by 217 percent for fifteen-year olds! As the pattern go es, it appears to just deteriorate! It's been evaluated that at any rate 100,000 understudies convey a firearm...

Resume Advice You NEED to Hear to Land an Internship

Resume Advice You NEED to Hear to Land an Internship 8 Pieces of Resume Advice You NEED to Hear Before Applying for an Internship 8 Pieces of Resume Advice You NEED to Hear Before Applying for an Internship Can you hear it? There’s summer, calling you. It’s right around the corner! Okay, it’s not right around the corner, but it will be here before you know it; which is why now is the time to secure a coveted internship slot that will augment your current interests and expose you to new ones. Like many high school (or college) students, you may not have a shiny resume all prepped and ready to send off so you can secure the  summer work experience of your dreams. Which is why we’ve compiled some simple tips to help you pull together a clear and comprehensive representation of who you are and what you have to offer. 1. Begin to collect all of your accomplishments asap. Make a comprehensive list of your school activities, work experience, awards, even interests, if you think they might apply. Keep this list going throughout the year â€" eventually you will be able to add accomplishments right onto your awesome new resume! 2. Find a sample to give you an idea of relevant categories and formatting. Googling “Internship Resume Sample” should do it! Common categories you will want to cover include, Education, Work Experience, Leadership Experience and Community Service. 3. Should you include an Objective? We don’t think including an Objective at the top of your resume is necessary, as your objective is usually outlined in the cover letter that will accompany your resume. That said, if you do want to include one, make sure it succinctly captures what kinds of skills and experiences you are hoping to obtain at your internship. If you apply to a variety of positions, make sure to adjust your Objective accordingly. 4. For each experience you list on your resume, include critical details. Location, position and the amount of time spent involved in the activity should accompany a few bulleted responsibilities. Keep these bullets succinct and to the point. If you have quantifiable metrics, like number of dollars raised by your fundraising efforts or amount of people recruited for an intramural volleyball team, include those details. Also emphasize any management duties (did you spearhead a small team?), new skills learned (do you now know how to manage a corporate social media campaign?) and end products you helped to create (did you build a website?). 5. Use a clean, simple layout. Unless you are applying for a graphic design position (where you can feel a bit more freedom to experiment), keep your resume layout basic and easy to read. Also make sure font and spacing are consistent. 6. We don’t think we have to say this, but grammar counts. So does spelling. Punctuation counts and consistency is everything. It doesn’t matter if you end your bulleted descriptions for each job with periods or not, as long as you treat each line in the same way. 7. Cover letters matter. Some people may tell you otherwise, but those people are WRONG. Especially when you are starting with a fairly modest amount of work experience backing you up, your pointed interest in a position, as evidenced in a carefully crafted cover letter, can often be the key to moving on to the next phase of the recruitment process. A cover letter should not be a repetition of your resume, but merely a summary of the most relevant items from your experience and how they specifically apply to the position in question. Mentioning how you heard about the job posting, why you are interested in the job or any other personal connection you may have to the company you work for (you use their products!) can all be helpful in winning over a recruiter. 8. Almost all of the best internship positions advertise and fill their slots early, so don’t wait. Search on places like Craigslist, Internships.com or target a company’s website if you think you might be interested  in a position they have to offer. And do it now! About Thea HogarthView all posts by Thea Hogarth » Did you land the internship? Find out how to make the most of it. EXPERT TIPS »

Background Information On American Association For Stock...

Background Information History Bob Carlton worked for his uncle, Mel, in a muffler shop in their hometown of Chickasaw, Alabama when he was young. He tried his first time driving and found out that he was not talented at it. Instead, he was good at making the engines. Thus, his uncle gave him a corner of the shop to develop his interest: auto parts. He then outgrew and had his own racing-team clientele. With the phenomenal boom in the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), he never lacked a business. He even had a long waiting list of customers. Then, he founded OptiMotors, a midsize auto parts manufacturer. Development Roland, the accountant of OptiMotors, suggested Bob take the vacant space across the town to increase their capacity so as to maximize the profits. Roland introduced some â€Å"angels† – investors to Bob and they persuaded Bob that the company had to invest in high-powered sales leadership. Bob agreed that the key to success was the magic words of mouth. Therefore, the angels put him in touch with Galen McDowell, who was excellent at socializing and training salespeople to become high performing. Once Galen got into the job as the sales manager, he immediately hired a few salespeople and taught them easier and faster ways to achieve targets. Within a few months, OptiMotors got a call from a big client, Kinan Motors. The company was in full production mode in improving its product quality because they wanted to close the deals with Kinan.Show MoreRelatedVolkswagen Acquisition of Skoda15838 Words   |  64 PagesVolkswagen’s Acquisition of Skoda Auto: A Central Eu ropean Success Story â€Å"Central Europe is not an emerging market, it’s reemerging. 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People make New Years Resolutions each New Years and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year. New Years Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party-goers who stay out all night and go nuts at midnightRead MoreBusiness Journalism in India26104 Words   |  105 Pagesbudget, role of (5) subsidies and foreign exchange reserves 4 Companies, balance sheets, AGMs window dressing of balance sheets, the loopholes (the case of Satyam) (5) 5 Stock exchange, Sensex and its ups and downs, need for stricter monitoring, how to (5) cover Stock Exchanges, qualities of a good stock exchange reporter 6 Ethics for business journalism. Should it be a watch dog or servant of business houses? 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Relationship between Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1060 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? A bildungsroman (coming-of-age novel or story) tells the psychological, moral, and overall development of its protagonist at different points in their life– it would be interesting to look at the physiological development and dynamic Jane develops throughout the novel. Her first relationship with Mr. Rochester, her relationship with St. Paul, and of course her relationship with herself that allows her to return to Rochester. Janes first relationship with Rochester is pure and naive. This was the first time she ventured off into the world. There were many faults to the relationship and though she was intellectually matched with rochester she was not equal or free. She was his employee and he was technically married. She did not have power in her relationship. And when she found his secret she could no longer love him in a honest and forthright way. The relationship could not have worked without both individuals growing to later be able to maintain it. The relationship was unbalanced from wisdom. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Relationship between Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester" essay for you Create order The relationship dynamic between Jane and St. Paul was a benefactory one. Neither of them truly loved each other in a romantic sense (though Jane strived for a familial love) but they benefited from each others presence. St. Paul confused that subordinate/intellectual equal relationship for love– denying himself from the other girl out of fear of losing things in the process. It was also manipulative because, again Jane sought for unconditional familial love, and St. Paul wanted something more. He made Jane change herself and bend herself to his will. They were not equal. But this relationship needed to happen so Jane could better her relationship with the most important person, herself. She became independent and payed everyone back– because she matured in this interaction she was able to become completely free. The maturing experiences that both Rochester and Jane went through, though saddening, let them have the happy marriage they would never have been able to have the first time round. They were getting married as intellectual and wise equals, both free and independent (but both relied on each other). They married in a honest, open, mature relationship. While she feared losing herself in a relationship with St. John, she seems perfectly content to become one with Rochester. Love is still Janes religion; in relationship, Jane has found her heaven. Prompt #3 Brainstorm – Analyze how the characters’ relationship to the past contributes to the meaning of the work as a whole. Mr. Rochester of course has a secret and terrible past. Throughout the novel he is put on trial and tested by his past mistakes. In many ways he must grow and by the end of the book is a different man as a result. It is easy to see the quest and struggles for independent maturity Jane goes through, throughout this novel. She is, of course, the narrator and protagonist so it is expected to be able to clearly see from start to finish the growth of Jane. We see each obstacle see has to overcome to reach the person she becomes at the end of the book. But what about Edward Rochester? In many accounts he is analyzed but in such a way only to examine his role in relation to Jane and her self-searching exploration. So what is Rochesters journey and role, what are his quests and struggles? And of course how do both characters growth compare? Rochester’s progress throughout the novel has not received anywhere near the amount of critical consideration as has Jane’s, and yet it is equally important to its reading as a feminist text. Both Jane and Rochester engage in a constant battle against their society’s dominant ideologies regarding gender and class. But in his case he is an insider, unlike Jane which you could call an outsider (as far as class goes). Rochester, like Jane, is equally affected by his past experiences. Rochester is the ‘heir to nothing.’ His father left his estate to Rochester’s brother, Rowland. This act alone, and by his own father, puts Edward on more equal footing with a woman than a man, as it is old custom for land to be given to the son of the family. Because of this, Edward is forced into a new situation to hopefully secure him a place of good social standing. He is, essentially, sold. Although Rochester is upper-class and male, he is rendered a pawn by his greedy father and by â€Å"her family (Bertha), who wished to secure him because he was of a good kind.† His wife, Bertha’s duty to establish Rochester by playing a proper English gentlewoman, but she can’t because she is insane. Rochester therefore locks her away, and tries repressing the guilt of his inability to place himself in the aristocracy. After this he builds himself up from the ground, and from his parent and brothers death acquiring even more wealth. He became a gentleman in most ways and secured a place in society. He found the perfect wife, home, lifestyles, etc†¦ Jane and Rochester have equal timelines He courts Blanche Ingram, a woman who would complete his masculine veneer. But in the end he truly connects with Jane, and discerns between the two only the desire for a financial alliance. Jane affirms her superiority to Rochester in that she would never sell herself into a marriage for wealth (as Rochester once did). â€Å"I would scorn such a union: therefore I am better than you.† When Bertha dies and brings down the house with her, she frees Edward Rochester from his patriarchal pretenses. She, herself, is also destroyed, destroying his long-harbored feelings of inadequacy as her husband. He suffers severe deformities by the fire and can no longer continue to keep up the facade of a self-sufficient ‘true gentleman.’ Blind and misshapen, he now has no choice but to present himself to society as an imperfect and limited man. And with that he is able to embrace his true self. He, without embarrassment, tells Jane that he wears her pearls, not caring how the information might be misinterpreted. He and Jane went through similar things in the end, both suffering from toxic gender roles forced on them in society, and in the end they are what set each other free from that; accepting each other for who they truly are despite jewels, beauty, money, etc†¦ Relationship between Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 390 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? Jane and Rochesters relationship is centered around manipulation and secrecy. Jane works as a governess under Rochesters employ. From the time that Jane first meets Rochester, he is, in a way, manipulative and controlling towards Jane. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Relationship between Jane Eyre and Edward Rochester" essay for you Create order He hides his real identity until he knows he has more power over Jane. Rochester organizes a party, welcoming guests into his house. He flirts with Blanche Ingram, wanting Jane to become jealous and declare her love for him. When she doesnt, he appears angry and flirts all the more manipulating Janes and Blanches emotions. Rochester finally declares his love for Jane, stating they must get married straight away. (Bronte, 163). Another example of Rochester manipulating Jane is when he dresses up as a gypsy to trick Jane into admitting her true feelings for him (Bronte, 228). This manipulation Rochester uses towards Jane affects their relationship. Bertha is the wife of Mr. Rochester. Bertha Mason is insane and violent. Bertha Mason is mad; and she came of a mad family; idiots and maniacs through three generations! (Bronte, 337) Bertha lives in a hidden room on the third floor of Thornfield and is watched all the time by Grace Poole. He lifted the hangings form the wall, uncovering the second door: this, too, he opened. In a room without a window, there burnt a fire, guarded by a hugh and strong fender, and a lamp suspended form the ceiling by a chain. (Bronte, 338) Bertha and Rochester were set up by their families to marry one another, even though she was likely to become insane. Mr. Rochester was unable to divorce Bertha due to her insanity which drives him to marry Jane. The social restrictions of the time have again disrupted Jane and Rochesters relationship (Bronte, 327). Mr. Rochesters manipulation of Jane Eyre causes Jane to react in two different ways. Janes first reaction is to leave him, which leaves her with nothing. She is forced to be independent. That I am not Edward Rochesters bride is the least part of my woe, (Bronte, 343) Rochesters reaction to this is somewhat controlling, he reaction is anger. Her next reaction happens after she goes to find Mr. Rochester and discovers that Thornfield has been ruined, Bertha is dead and Mr Rochester has been blinded and crippled by the fire. She then decides to marry Rochester (Bronte, 487). Reader, I married him. (Bronte, 517)

Effects Of Gambling On The Future - 965 Words

Everyone has a different way of entertaining him or herself. While some chose to read a book on the topic of their interest, others look to hang out with friends, and some look to take risks. As I reach adulthood, I have observed more risk taking in the form of gambling. While gambling goes against what many economists would consider rational behavior, it still has a way of drawing people. Maybe it’s the thrill of playing, or a chance at hitting the jackpot. People are even drawn to gambling whilst under serious economic stress, such as living with a small budget. Do these gamblers think about their own budget constraints when putting large sums of money on the table? Why are brick and mortar gambling institutions legal while online gambling was banned outright? And how do advances in technology effect gambling in the future? My hypothesis is that economic fluctuations in the market have a nominal effect on gambling. These risk takers take very little into account in terms of their overall economic situation and act on impulse. Their savings and other financial issues would take a backseat to risking their money for a small chance at financial gain. This would mean that gambling as a while is fairly inelastic. With the Internet era upon us, technology advances will shift gambling from casinos to websites, as long as it is allowed to do so by countries’ respective governments. In countries such as the United States, the government has held up very strict laws and regulationsShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Offline Near Wins On Predictions Of A Future Win1356 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This study investigated the effect an offline-near win or an offline loss had on participants’ predictions of a future win. An experimental within-groups design was used. 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Many people face various addictions in the world today such as, drug, alcohol, sex, eating, or gambling addictions. One might ask the question, is one addiction more serious than another or are all addictions equally destructive? In particular, is an addiction such as gambling as serious as an addiction to drugs or alcohol? Research suggests a gambling addiction is less severe than a drug or alcohol addiction because drug or alcohol addictions are psychological and physical, canRead MoreEssay on Harmful Effects of Legalized Gambling1644 Words   |  7 PagesHarmful Effects of Legalized Gambling Gambling is prominent in todays society. This can be seen especially through politics. Everywhere voters are electing people to office who are pro gambling. William Thompson of the University of Nevada (1994) describes politicians by stating, Its part of the American landscape, theyll trade morality for dollars (1). In North and South Carolina, for example, the last governor election showed that the people were for legal gambling by voting in governorsRead More Gambling Casinos Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling Casinos: A Plague on Society Gamblers no longer need to trek to Las Vegas or Atlantic City to find the action they so badly crave. It is available today in their own hometowns. Legalized gambling is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Gambling’s tremendous popularity is evident in the recent increase in the number of off-track betting parlors (OTB’s) and riverboat casinos that dot the midwest and the Mississippi Delta. Billboards on major highways depict theRead MoreImpact of Gambling on Athletes and Coaches905 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Gambling has an adverse impact on the individual athletes or coachs integrity. Reputation diminishes, and the athlete becomes better known for participation in gambling activities than for athletic feats and career accomplishments. Gambling scandals can ruin careers, and permanently mar the individuals ability to participate in the sport again. As Finley, Finley Fountain (n.d.). point out, gambling als o has the potential to ruin the integrity of the entire team, league, or whole sport. EnsuringRead MoreGambling : When It s Not All Fun And Games Essay1627 Words   |  7 PagesGambling: When it’s Not all Fun and Games In the past decade, gaming and gambling in the United States have experienced a great upswing. The majority of states have expanded legalized gaming, including regulated casino-style games and lotteries, there has been a huge increase in the opening of Native American casinos and among other things, online gambling and betting has become increasingly more popular (Humphrey). While at first glance, this may seem to be a good thing, it is imperative that oneRead MoreGambling Disorder And Its Effects On Society860 Words   |  4 PagesGambling disorder involves the urge to gamble continuously despite financial and social consequences or a desire to stop. It is seen as being out of control and dominating the person’s life. It is important to note that most gambling is not associated with a mental disorder as it is often a form of recreation in many cultures around the world. â€Å"Gambling can be defined as placing something of value at risk in the hopes of gaining something of greater value† (Potenza, 2008). Pathological gambling affectsRead More Gambling Addiction Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesGambling Addiction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gambling addiction is an issue found in numerous areas where gambling is legal. People who are addicted to gambling, also know as problem gamblers, face many health risks including depression, suicidal thoughts, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, migraine and anxiety in addition to marriage breakdown, problems at work and bankruptcy (9). About 2 percent of adults are thought to be problem gamblers (1). In today’s society this costly addiction is not often considered toRead MoreEffects Of Gambling On College Students861 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling is the activity or practice of playing a game of chance for money or other stakes. Activities that are considered gambling are betting on sports and races, lotteries, card games like blackjack and poker, and casino games like slots and roulette. Bingo and raffles are technically gambling, but there are no major concerns about them, so they are not included here. Though gambling is legal within many s tates, it is does not make it right for people to engage in such activities

lisa lopez Essay Example For Students

lisa lopez Essay The Legend Left Eye LeftLisa Left Eye Lopez was killed last Friday morning April 26, 2002 in a tragic car accident that have left the Music Industry and world shocked and bewildered. he music world have been hit with two vehicle fatalities within one years span. Left eye was in Central America in the country of Honduras.The red Land Rover look as though it had tumbled a number of times before coming to the final resting spot of Ms. Lopez. Lisa Lopez set tremendous marks as one of the first female RB groups with a splash of Hip-Hop. Her and TLC stayed at the top of the Billboard charts for years with platinum albums such as Ohh, on the TLC tip, Crazy, Sexy, Cool, and Fan Mail. The young female group was amazing and toping the charts with hits like Creep, Waterfalls, Scrubbs, Unpretty, Baby, Baby, Baby, Aint Too Proud To Beg, and Hat to the Back. Even though the fame was great the group TLC and Ms. Lopez would experience some times that truly tested their faith. At a moment notice the once popular and successful group fell bankrupt. While the group was going through bankruptcy Left Eye was dealing with a emotional tragedy with her then boyfriend, Andre Rison. Though she is now dearly departed she will live on in the minds and hearts of her fans who love her dearly ! she is believed to have risen to heights above us all and will forever rest in the hands of the lord ! we love u lisa !

The Struggles Between Id and Superego free essay sample

The struggles between Id and Superego in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† According to Sigmund Freud, there are three psychological forces exerting influence over the human mind. These are consisted with the id, the super-ego and the ego. The id is the part of the unconscious mind where people’s basic needs about pleasure or irrational wishing and the super-ego is the part of the mind that forms moral standards. The ego makes balance of the id and the super-ego. In Hawthorne’s story ‘Young Goodman Brown’, the Brown’s journey through the forest is seen as the struggles between Brown’s id and super-ego. At the beginning of the story, Browns first step in the forest considers as a victory to the id over the super-ego when Brown replied to his wife, Faith, who prevents the journey. Goodman Brown said â€Å"of all nights in the year, this one night must I tarry away from thee. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggles Between Id and Superego or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"What, my sweet, pretty wife, dost thou doubt me already, and we but three months married! † When Brown responded nervously, his super-ego shows that his anxiety and guilty about unknowable journey to the forest. However, he has already decided to leave his wife to go to the forest at night, because his id wants to fulfill his desire, beginning the journey, and persuaded his wife and also himself as his mention that this journey is only one night of all nights in the year. Brown’s id simply wins again a battle over super-ego when he leaves his wife, Faith, with his unquestionable faith in God. After leaving, Brown said â€Å"What a wretch am I’ †¦ ‘But, no, no! ‘twould kill her to think it’ †¦ ‘Ill cling to her skirts and follow her to Heaven’†¦ elt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose. † When he mentioned if his Faith knew the purpose of the journey, she would die by shock. It shows that he had already known the purpose of the journey is evil. So, his super-ego makes him feel guilty and mention himself as a wretch. However, regardless of the super-ego’s effort, his id drives him to go alo ng his plan to meet with the devil and makes him justify himself as his resolving that he’ll follow Faith to Heaven after just this journey. Browns meeting with the old man who is the devil himself shows Browns confusion between his id and super-ego. Goodman exclaimed â€Å"Too far, too far! † unconsciously resuming his walk. â€Å"My father never went into the woods on such an errand, nor his father before him. † His super-ego makes him cry that he came too far from his Faith which means his wife and also his own faith and makes him get back home in which his Faith waiting him. Also he mention about that his forefathers wear not involved with the devil. It shows that his super-ego tell him that his innateness is not evil, so makes him think to return. However, his id leads his walk to resume unconsciously. The id makes his body to move into the forest whatever he thought about. Brown also shows signs of his fighting between the super-ego and the id when he found out that his catechism teacher, Goody Cloyse, was a witch who is very involved with the devil. Brown stubbornly said â€Å"Friend, my mind is made up. Not another step will I budge on this errand’. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ‘Is that any reason why I should quit my dear Faith, and go after her. He decided to stop going along his plan, because he realized that his faults, getting in to the forest to meet the Devil, are the same as the old woman’s. So, his super-ego makes him to feel guilty about that and afraid if he could lose his faith. It leads him to want to stay away from the Devil. However, his id makes him want to see what drives all of them to follow the Devi l. Because, he have already had close mind to the Devil unconsciously when he called the Devil â€Å"friend. † It shows what he mentioned that he want to stop continuing his plan anymore was not from his actual true mind.

Golicinski Essay Example

Golicinski Essay Example Golicinski Essay Golicinski Essay Robert Gordons new book tells the history of Stax Records, the famous Memphis label responsible for some of Southern souls definitive recordings. Stax began in a Memphis garage in 1957 as Satellite Records, a project of Jim Stewart, soon Joined by his sister Estelle Axton, both white. From these humble beginnings, it enjoyed a fairy-tale rise, becoming a revered name, the home of the great Otis Redding, of Soul Man and In the Midnight Hour. Gordon tracks this glorious ascent?†and a vertiginous fall?†as the label eventually collapsed under its own weight. He delivers a compelling tale with maximum effect, drawing on interviews with singers, musicians, songwriters, producers, secretaries, label heads?†everyone he could get his hands on. We know at least two other excellent histories of Stax. The noted chronicler of Southern music, Peter Guralnick, devotes a portion of his book Sweet Soul Music to the label, while also exploring the music of Muscle Shoals, Ala. , and Macon, Ga. In addition, Rob Bowmans Soulsville, U. S. A. devotes itself entirely to the history of Stax. (Bowman earned a Grammy for the liner notes he wrote to accompany The Complete StaxNolt Soul Singles compilation. ) Gordon holds his own. He doesnt appreciate Isaac Hayess album Black Moses, and he makes the occasional cheesy Joke?†Dance? The horizontal dance?†but such minutiae dont obscure the point. The story of Stax is undeniable. In the beginning, you really loved me After a couple of years in the garage, Jim and Estelle moved the operation to an old movie theater and renamed it Stax (Stewart/Axton). They set up a studio in back and a record shop in front. Jim initially felt lukewarm about RB, but Ray Charless Whatd I Say earned his loyalty. : Stewart and Axton established an open-door policy, and Memphiss musicians seeped into the studio in talented, curious clumps. Rufus Thomas, a local performer and D], came by to give recording a shot. He brought his daughter, Carla Thomas. William Bell?†who penned mfou Dont Miss Your Water?† sometimes sang backup for Carla. Booker T. Jones, a talented high school student, skipped class to play horns on a Rufus Thomas session. A1 Jackson, an older, talented drummer who would play with two of souls greatest singers, Otis Redding and A1 Green, knew Booker through club gigs, so he occasionally played at the studio. Jackson provided an injection of punctuality and discipline, a firm rhythmic anchor for the high school kids?†another group of whom busily bonded with Estelle Axtons Cropper, whose guitar playing would help define Stax recordings, drawing the admiration of famous musicians from the Beatles to Lou Reed. Jackson taught Cropper to play his guitar like a drum, emphasizing the instruments rhythmic properties. Jackson also wanted him to pay attention to the beat. l never worked with anyone who thought keeping time was so important, said Booker about Jackson. He would hit you over the head with a drumstick if one eighth ote or a sixteenth note was off. Stays first phase came to a close with national success. Carla Thomas landed Gee Whiz on the charts in 1961, and Jerry Wexler of Atlantic Records swooped in, agreeing to handle distribution for 1 5 cents on the dollar. (Some of Carlas releases also came out on Atlantic rather than Stax. ) The same year, those high school smokers?†now the Mar-Keys?†recorded Last Night, which sold more than a million copies. Here the cruel outside world butts an ugly head into Stays fairy tale. First was the issue of authorship and its rewards The money from a hit goes to the songwriters. Just three people got their names on that record as writers. (Estelle sneaked on her sons name. ) No one cared too much at the time, but it foreshadowed future events. I was too blind, I could not see Stax ascended with dizzying speed. The addition of Donald Duck Dunn on bass cemented and settled the house band, now under the name Booker T. the M. G. s. The integrated group?†hit-making long before the Family Stone or the Jimi Hendrix Experience?†laid down a heavy groove, and they soon had a big song of their own with Green Onions (like Last Night, another instrumental number). More people came to the record store?†or tried their hands in the studio. A guitarist named Johnny Jenkins showed up, high on style, low on substance. (In fairy tales, not everyone turns out to be what he seems. ) But Jenkins had this driver by the name of Otis Redding who kept insisting he could sing The MGS improved steadily. Isaac Hayes stepped in for Booker T when he took a break to attend Indiana University, and Hayes quickly learned how to write popular tunes, with the help of an insurance man named David Porter. Hayes and Porter connected with another duo by the name of Sam Dave, collaborating on a series of racing soul hits. Enter promo-man extraordinaire, A1 Bell, six-feet-four bundle of Joy, two hundred and twelve pounds of Miss Bells baby boy. Soft as medicated cotton and rich as double-X cream. The womens pet, the mens threat and the playboys pride and Joy. enhance the administrations credibility among the [mostly black] employees. We werent a professional company before A1, says Booker T. Jones. We didnt have big business going on. We had big music going on. They did have that. Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett and Sam Dave now consistently landed hits and all recorded classic albums. Bell put the musicians on salary?†it meant they didnt have to work day Jobs and play club gigs and do reco rding sessions to make a decent living. It also led, though, to new proprietary concerns. Suddenly, making music became a livelihood, not a fun outlet on the side. (Gordon terms this new responsibility and its new set of problems weeds in the garden. ) Stax started doing well enough to be choosy. The label decided not to work with Wilson Pickett after his album In the Midnight Hour. (He proved to be royal pain in the studio. ) Stax passed on chances to play with Gladys Knight and Aretha Franklin. Bell even turned the music in a new direction, noting an increased price margin on albums. Stax only released eight albums in 65 and 11 in 66. That would begin to change. You dont miss your water till The end of 1967 and 1968 brought Stays third phase. In December of 1967, Otis Redding and several members of the Bar-Kays died tragically in a plane crash. Its hard to imagine any label coming back from the loss of such an international star. Unfortunately for Stax, that disaster turned out to be Just the beginning. The year 1968 exploded, upheaval everywhere. A sniper shot and killed Martin Luther King in Memphis at a hotel Stax musicians and songwriters frequented. Riots took place across the country. About this time, Jim Stewart realized he had somehow managed to give Atlantic the rights to all Stays master recordings. Atlantics Jerry Wexler claims that it all happened accidentally, that no one read the contract. It turned out that there was a clause whereby we owned the masters, a clause stuck almost exactly halfway through the thirteen-page contract. Atlantic, writes Gordon, owned everything that it distributed for Stax?†even though t said Stay on the label, even though Stax has paid all the money associated with those records and Atlantic had paid none and was at risk for not a single penny. Bottom line: Wexler, one of the shrewdest and cruelest men in the record business, had easily duped the inexperienced Jim. (Wexler insists in the book that he knew nothing about it and tried to give the masters back, but was prevented by the head of It was corporate homicide?†polite, sterile and deadly, writes Gordon. To add insult to crippling injury, Sam Dave Jumped to Atla ntic. We find Stays last stage riddled with great music, violence and greed. The studio engineered the Soul Explosion, releasing 27 albums and even more singles in 1969 to make up for the loss of their masters. A1 Bell looked actively to cross over from R to pop?†he brought in Don Davis, who arranged strings for Motown. Isaac Hayes leapt from behind-the-scenes songwriter to massive solo star, releasing popular albums that influenced the course of R. Big hits brought big money. Whatever remained of the family illusion at Stax, Gordon writes, fell away, exposing a hierarchy of individuals, a business. The hierarchy forced out Estelle Axton, who once mortgaged her house for the label. Bell eventually bought out Jim Stewart in 1972. Musicians and singers also began to spend extravagantly, attracting sharks on the prowl for a cut. The studio hired security; these men too often turned out to be sharks who simply switched sides. Hayes reveled in his new power?†on one occasion, he had bodyguards beat one of his touring musicians nearly to death for ordering too much room service. People began to carry guns?†guns in a recording studio. They worried about being robbed for ostentatious displays of wealth, but also for more troubling reasons?†after he assassination of Martin Luther King, the semblance of racial unity that existed at Stax, and in Memphis, faded. Resentment, hostility and fear were roiling among Memphis business elite They [Stax management] were afraid someone would hide drugs in Stax, then try to bust them. A1 Bell felt that guns were an American institution used mainly by the white majority to maintain and consolidate power. He relates that he felt trapped, and forced to defend himself and his employees. On top of these problems, new considerations suddenly influenced creative decisions. Bell told Gordon, Were talking about major Wall Street corporations and how their decisions and their thinking impacted with us and interfered, and in some instances, prohibited us from producing certain music. Key musicians, including Steve Cropper and Booker T. Jones, couldnt take the situation. They left town for L. A. Meanwhile, the wildly ornate compositions of Hayes didnt necessarily bode well for the studios old standby?†tight, stripped down R. Worst of all? No one could rein in the spending. Stax stayed friendly?†maybe too one asked questions, they Just kept asking for more. Stax grew to have the fifth- ighest revenue of any black-owned business in the nation in 1973. Despite this, the company didnt have a real, structured management system, writes Gordon. Just two years later, deep in debt and out of hits, the whole thing imploded. The white-owned bank used Stax as a scapegoat for fraud charges. The predominantly black record company never had a chance. (Corporate homicide, part two. ) A1 Bell went to trial. Jurors eventually acquitted him on all charges. The story of Stax captures the essence of the American dream. A tight-knit, talented group of working-class men and women, black and white, start out in a garage and go n to make national hits and earn screaming adulation on international tours. They work hard, they get better, they do something unique. They do it without the benefit of silver spoons or friends in high places. They get so big that the Beatles want to Jam with Otis Redding and record Revolver at Stax. Stax also captures the essence of the American nightmare, the one people dont necessarily talk about. In a market economy, success leads to money, and money must be divided somehow. This creates winners and losers, haves and have-nots. Resentment shows up, sits down, festers. Money-making has a way of perpetuating itself. Its an addictive drug. It shifts priorities, so growth becomes the name of the game. People get left behind, or phased out in the name of consolidation. Then guns and violence make a cameo as Americas way of protecting earnings and ensuring loyalty when market-driven expansion tears apart ties of family and friendship. Thats the thing about American fairy tales. All too often, they dont have a happy ending. Elias Leights writing about books and music has appeared in Paste, The Atlantic, Splice Today, and Popmatters. He comes from Northampton, Massachusetts, and can be found at signothetimesblog.

Management alternatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management alternatives - Essay Example This manifests that Sirkin et al’s DICE is not just any other theory concocted by the fancy of academicians but in fact have in fact proved to be grounded on reality. The article focused on the importance of the hard side of change management which could be directly or indirectly quantified as a critical factor in the success of change management over soft side (communication, motivation, etch). The article stressed that the hard factors should be addressed first because failure to address such will result in failure that soft initiatives of change could not even take off because the initiative has already failed. The recommendations/conclusion to address change was also realistic and cognizant of the problems which change initiatives faces in the real world that is why it resulted to an overwhelming success when applied to the real world. The article however was published in 2005 and discussed a study that was conducted in 1992 and completed in 1994. While the change manageme nt approach of DICE was unquestionably successful, it was conducted aeon ago. It goes without saying that the business reality today is way different compared to 1994. Businesses today are already globalized and highly competitive where customers are increasingly getting sophisticated to name few changes in business environment that is different when Sirkin et al’s study was conducted. Thus, the study may have been more relevant if a revisit or a review on its efficacy was conducted to check if it is still valid in today’s present reality. The article could have been timely if it had integrated more recent studies about change management. One of those more recent studies is the Murthy’s concept of change management that dealt with the soft factors of change management which Sirkin et al touched in their articles. The article focused on the importance of people in implementing change in any business organization because â€Å"it is the people who will ultimately cause the change to be a success or a failure. The implications of change on individuals are important without which we can never really hope to manage large scale change effectively† (Murthy 2007: 23). According to Murthy, to effectively implement individual change, there are four approaches to make such change successful; they are behavioral, cognitive and psychodynamic. Murthy’s behavioral approach is to make the reward strategies right to make individuals receptive to change. Basically this entails understanding how individuals perceive change and to understand what makes an individual tick. These approaches are important because without understanding an individual’s behavior, no amount of reward strategy can be successful. The cognitive approach is to link goals to motivation. When an individual is already understood on how he or she perceives change and has already identified the factors that will motivate the individual to be receptive to change, such wil lingness to adapt to change should be aligned with the organizational goals. The psychodynamic approach is to treat people as individuals and understand their emotional states as well as your own (Murthy 2007). Simply put, treat others in the same manner we would like to

Structure & Strategies for success Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Structure & Strategies for success - Coursework Example The matrix organization will use the teams of employees to accomplish the set work and take advantage of the strengths and make up for the weaknesses of functional and decentralized forms as we are providing more than one product and service. A strong or project matrix will be adopted where a project manager will be responsible for a particular product. Functional managers will provide technical expertise and assign resources as needed. The format used in the organization will ensure successful implementation of the organization’s purpose and function. The organization will be led by a Chief Executive Officer and will have seventy five employees. Under the executive officer will be the various departmental heads. The organization will have six major departments which include; Product Management, Information and Communications Technology, Research and Development, Sales and Marketing, Finance and Human Resources. Under product management each product and service will have a lin e manager and staff under him or her who will be in charge of all operations of the product from its development to the distribution to the customer. Each product or service will be handled as an independent item but may be combined for promotional purposes. The chief executive officer will oversee the overall implementation of the organizations goals and objectives. The chief product management will ensure that all products and services are developed to the satisfactory of the customer. The chief information and communications technology will handle the needs of the company as well as work in liaison with research and development department and product management in coming up with new products or improving existing ones. The chief research and development will ensure continued innovation of products and services and enhancement of existing products. Chief sales and marketing will be responsible for the marketing of the products and achievement of sales targets set. The chief financ e officer will be in charge of the organizations budget; revenue, costs and expenses while the chief human resources will be in charge of the personnel or work force. Organizational Structure CCC Marketing Strategies for success Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term (Johnson & Scholes 17). The company’s strategic plan will help determine where the organization is going over the next five years. A goals-based planning will be undertaken and will focus on the organization’s mission, vision, values and goals and will be adopted by all departments to ensure success of the organization. Strategic planning will be conducted at least once a year to facilitate setting of goals in the coming year. Factors that will be considered in the strategies for success are the products, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence. Products and Services The company is offering a wide range of products and services which include satel lite dish and broadband set up for home and business, IP phone set up, Pdq (credit card machine), satellite television and satellite networking. The products are functional as need for internet use is paramount and on the increase both from home and office. Cable television is also in high demand. Support after installations will be offered for the client and warranty for the equipment will also be given. Price and Place The products and serv

Fusion Power for Sustainable Development

Fusion Power for Sustainable Development Introduction Sustainable energy is about using energy wisely and using energy generated from clean sources and clean technologies. This approach is first step to ensuring we have sustainable energy and technologies for present and future generations. Being efficient with our energy will reduce our household and business energy bills, reduce the amount of energy we need to produce in the first place and cut energy related greenhouse pollution. Sustainable energy isn’t just about producing energy to meet the demands, it also means that the energy sources are clean and don’t have a detrimental on the environment. This essay will discuss in-depth how fusion power is the solution the energy crisis which is currently being faced around the world. Fusion is a very clean, green source of power which doesn’t have a detrimental impact in the environment. Nuclear fusion In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, mass is not conserved because some of the mass of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy). Fusion is also the process that provides Sun and all other stars with their energy; the process involves the collision of atomic nuclei to release energy. Currently scientists and engineers are developing the technology that it can be used in power stations to meet the energy demands that are currently being faced globally. It is hoped that fusion will provide us with the solution for the current energy crisis and provide a clean renewable source of power for future generations. How fusion works In a fusion reaction, energy is released when two light atomic nuclei are fused together to form one heavier atom. This is the process that provides the energy powering the Sun and other stars, where hydrogen nuclei are combined to form helium. To achieve high enough fusion reaction rates to make fusion useful as an energy source, the fuel (two types of hydrogen – deuterium and tritium) must be heated to temperatures over 100 million degrees Celsius. At these extremely high temperatures the fuel becomes plasma. What is plasma? Plasma is the fourth state of matter with the others being solid, liquid and gas. a plasma is an ionized gas, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to free electrons from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to coexist. Plasma is a gas that has been energized to the point that some of the electrons break free from, but travel with, their nucleus. Gases can become plasmas in several ways, but all include pumping the gas with energy. A spark in a gas will create plasma. A hot gas passing through a big spark will turn the gas stream into a plasma that can be useful. Plasma torches like that are used in industry to cut metals. The plasma is also extremely thin and fragile, and is significantly less dense then air. To keep the plasma from being contaminated and cooled by contact with material surfaces it is contained in a magnetic confinement system. Magnetic confinement is the approach that Culham and many other laboratories are researching to provide energy from fusion. A plasma of light atomic nuclei is heated and confined in a circular bottle known as a tokamak, where it is controlled with strong magnetic fields. A magnetic fusion device, the maximum fusion power is achieved using deuterium and tritium. These fuse to produce helium and high-speed neutrons, releasing 17.6MeV (megaelectron volts) of energy per reaction. This is approximately 10,000,000 times more energy than is released in a typical chemical reaction. A commercial fusion power station will use the energy carried by the neutrons to generate electricity. The neutrons will be slowed down by a blanket of denser material surrounding the machine, and the heat this provides will be converted into steam to drive turbines and put power on to the grid. The Tokomak The tokamak is a magnetic confinement system and is a key component which is required for a fusion reaction to take place. Tokomak the base on which the fusion reactors of the future will be build around. It was first invented by the soviet union during the 1960s and it was soon adopted by scientists and engineers around the globe. The joint European Torus(JET ) , which is located at the Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, is the largest and most powerful set up which is currently in operation. tokamak components and functions are as follows: The plasma is contained in a vacuum vessel. The vacuum is maintained by external pumps. The plasma is created by letting in a small puff of gas, which is then heated by driving a current through it. The hot plasma is contained by a magnetic field which keeps it away from the machine walls. The combination of two sets of magnetic coils – known as toroidal and poloidal field coils – creates a field in both vertical and horizontal directions, acting as a magnetic ‘cage to hold and shape the plasma. Large power supplies are used to generate the magnetic fields and plasma currents. Plasma current is induced by a transformer, with the central magnetic coil acting as the primary winding and the plasma as the secondary winding. The heating provided by the plasma current (known as Ohmic heating) supplies up to a third of the 100 million degrees Celsius temperature required to make fusion occur. Additional plasma heating is provided by neutral beam injection. In this process, neutral hydrogen atoms are injected at high speed into the plasma, ionized and trapped by the magnetic field. As they are slowed down, they transfer their energy to the plasma and heat it. Radiofrequency heating is also used to heat the plasma. High-frequency oscillating currents are induced in the plasma by external coils or waveguides. The frequencies are chosen to match regions where the energy absorption is very high (resonances). In this way, large amounts of power may be transferred to the plasma. Why fusion Power is needed By 2050, it is expected that will be a rise in global population from six billion to nine billion and better living standards could lead to a two to threefold increase in energy consumption. At this point in time, 80% of the developed worlds energy comes from fossil fuels. The ever increasing dependency on fossil fuels for generating power has lead to things such as global warming and acid rain and other damaging effects on our health and on the world we live in. Achieving fusion power Fusion is expected to become a major part of the energy mix during the second half of this century because it is seen by so many as being the â€Å"silver bullet† to the l energy problems which is currently plaguing the world . With sufficient funding, the first fusion power plant could be operating in the 2040s. To achieve this, first a series of development steps need to be taken, which are set out in the European fusion roadmap, published in 2013. CCFE is working with its counterparts around Europe to implement this plan, which would see fusion power on the grid by 2050. ITER is the next major international fusion experiment and a crucial step towards achieving commercial fusion energy. It is expected to prove the feasibility of electricity generation from fusion by releasing in the region of 500 megawattsof fusion power (from a 50 megawattinput) for up to 500 seconds. It will be the first fusion experiment to produce net power – ten times more than the amount required to heat the plasma. Demonstration Once the scientific and engineering systems have been tested on ITER, the next stage will be to build a demonstration fusion power plant which will integrate the finding of the research . Designs are already advanced for this prototype machine, known as ‘DEMO. The demonstration is expected to produce in the region of two gig wattsof electrical power to the grid, a similar output to a standard electrical power plant, and could be online in the 2040s. If these trials are successful, it will lead to the first generation of commercial fusion power stations being put into commission. Advantages of fusion power The world needs new, cleaner ways to meet our ever increasing energy demand, as concerns grow over climate change and declining supplies of fossil fuels. Power stations using fusion would have a number of advantages: No carbon emissions. The only by-products of fusion reactions are small amounts of helium, which is an inert gas that will not add to atmospheric pollution. Abundant fuels. Deuterium can be extracted from water and tritium is produced from lithium, which is found in the earths crust. Fuel supplies will therefore last for millions of years. Energy efficiency. One kilogram of fusion fuel can provide the same amount of energy as 10 million kilograms of fossil fuel. No long-lived radioactive waste. Only plant components become radioactive and these will be safe to recycle or dispose of conventionally within 100 years. Safety. The small amounts of fuel used in fusion devices (about the weight of a postage stamp at any one time) means that a large-scale nuclear accident is not possible. Reliable power. Fusion power plants should provide a baseload supply of large amounts of electricity, at costs that are estimated to be broadly similar to other energy sources. Disadvantages of fusion power Unproven on a large commercial scale. No full scale production expected till at least 2050 The power plants would be expensive to build Requires extremely high temperatures. Could produce a net negative amount of energy If cold fusion could be achieved, it would be much easier to implement. The billions in research funding could be spent on renewables instead What is Cold Fusion? Cold fusion describes a form of energy generated when hydrogen interacts with various metals like nickel and palladium. Cold fusion is a field of condensed matter nuclear science CMNS, and is also called low-energy nuclear reactions LENR, lattice-assisted nuclear reactions LANR, nickel-hydrogen exothermic reactions Ni-H, and quantum fusion. The name cold fusion comes from the idea that the temperatures involved are relatively ( room temperature in some instances) low in comparison to those of a fusion reactor which are in excess of a few thousand degrees. Cold fusion gained attention after reports in 1989 by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann, at the time one of worlds leading electrochemists,[1] that their apparatus had produced excess heat, of a magnitude they asserted would defy explanation except in terms of nuclear processes. They further reported measuring small amounts of nuclear reaction byproducts, including neutrons and tritium.[2] The small tabletop experiment involved electrolysis of heavy water on the surface of a palladium (Pd) electrode. The reported results received wide media attention,[3] and raised hopes of a cheap and abundant source of energy.[4] Many scientists tried to replicate the experiment with the few details available. Hopes fell with the large number of negative replications, the withdrawal of many positive replications, the discovery of flaws and sources of experimental error in the original experiment, and finally the discovery that Fleischmann and Pons had not actually detected nuclear reaction byproducts. In 1989, a review panel organized by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) found that the evidence for the discovery of a new nuclear process was not persuasive enough to start a special program, but was sympathetic toward modest support for experiments within thke present funding system. Pons and Fleischmann, skipped the typical route of publishing their study and results in a peer-reviewed science journal because of the pressure they were under from the university of Utah to secure a patent for this potential cash cow which could bring the university a significant amount media attention and flame for the Pons and Fleischmann, instead they take it directly to the press and public. Because they decided to take a unconvential root as to how they published their finding that lead others to question how authentic the information they were being given was. When many scientists from around the world tried to replicate the results from Pons’ without any success and questions began to be asked about the accuracy of the data which they had collected from their cold fusion experiment and this is what ultimately lead to their downfall. Recent developments in cold fusion Andrea Rossi a Italian scientist has said to have created a device called Energy Catalyser (E-cat for short) , is said to be a device â€Å"which purports to use cold fusion to generate vast amounts of power has been verified by a panel of independent scientists†. The research paper, which hasn’t gone through undergone peer review as of yet, seems to confirm both the existence of cold fusion, and its potency: The cold fusion device being tested has roughly 10,000 times the energy density and 1,000 times the power density of gasoline.

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Significance of System Cybernetics for Contemporary Philosophy- Post-Modernity in System Cybernetics ABSTRACT: I call the union of cybernetics and systems theory 'Systems Cybernetics.' Cybernetics and systems theory might be thought of a major source of today's striking development in cyber-technology, the science of complex adaptive systems, and so on. Since their genesis about the middle of this century, these two have gradually come to be connected with each other such that they have now formed an integrative theory which can be called Systems Cybernetics. This article pays attention to its aspects which are often overlooked, but which have profound significance for contemporary philosophy and our handling of various problems posed by modern societies. I insist that the dominant factors of European modernization are primarily economic and technological, though modernity has often been characterized by philosophical and scientific rationalism. I also insist that there are several problems which deserve particular attention but are made invisible by the economic and technological i nclination of the modern mind. In such a context, the problem of reductionism in modern science and the concept of subject detached from its surroundings are discussed. In order to cope with these problems, main theories of System Cybernetics are applied. Post-modern System Cybernetics — which will be illustrated — is also expected to play an active part. Foreword I am Japanese, and now feel keenly that Japan has been under an accelerating modernization. For example, we are now facing to so-called cyber-revolution, financial Big Ban and so on. On the other hand, the international conference for preventing the temperature rising of the earth caused by carbon dioxide was held in Kyoto just in December, 1997. These situations have made me convinced more and more firmly that system cybernetics has a particular significance for our consideration of the problems in modernization. I specialize in philosophy of science ('theory of science' in a more exact expression), and have long been interested in N. Wiener's cybernetics as well as General System Theory founded by L. von Bertalanffy, while proposing for a decade or so to call the union of these two 'system cybernetics'. In this paper, the significance of system cybernetics in dealing with the problems related to modernization, and its post-modernity as well, will be discussed, together with its relation to philosophy. I am very grateful for the opportunity of submitting this article which may be published just in 1998, the fiftieth memorial year since the publication of Wiener's book, Cybernetics.

Marriage vs. cohabitation

Marriage is the foundation of family formation in most contemporary societies. It is a contract arrangement that is binding and legally recognized. Cohabitation on the other hand, mimics the structure of a marriage with the exception of legal impediments. In some countries common law relationships are recognized, complete with the legal ramifications in the event of dissolution. However, some societies are hesitant to accord due recognition for cohabitation arrangements for fear that it would undermine the institution of marriage. Studies Conducted In many social researches conducted on relationships, it was found that more couples are resorting to cohabitation arrangements in recent years. In the United States, an increase from 10 percent to 56 percent was noted favoring cohabitation over marriage. The statistics compared was between 1974 and 1994. (The verdict on Cohabitation vs. marriage, 2001) There are many reasons why couples opt for cohabitation arrangements over marriage. First, it is easier to enter into and dissolve. Second, it proposes a more liberated approach to the partnership. It is perceived to endorse a â€Å"freer lifestyle.† (Ambert, 2005, p6) Third, couples cohabiting are not pressured to stay together. Finally, cohabitation is contracted for economic reasons. Comparison Comparing marriage and cohabitation, the question of commitment is most malleable in cohabitation. Although the social structure of both appeared to be the same, it is in the philosophical approach where they differ. The â€Å"freer lifestyle† of cohabitation arrangements raises the questions of fidelity on both partners. The couple is less secure compared to married couples. Exclusivity in this case is missing in cohabitation arrangements. Legality of Marriage Marriage as a legally recognized institution is a binding contract. Once entered into, the couple is expected to fulfill obligations such as financial, child-rearing responsibilities, commitment to care for each other â€Å"in sickness or in health, till death do us part†. Marriage has a sense of permanency compared to the transient nature of cohabitation. In case a marriage is dissolved, appropriate legal measures are applied. The wife can demand from the husband legally for child support and indemnity when the law finds it appropriate. While marriage and cohabitation are generally accepted in society, many would still favor that the relationship be legally recognized. In more conservative societies, cohabitation is an aberration and couples are pressured into legalizing the union. Marriage involves formal ceremonies and social recognition while cohabitation does not. Consequences of Cohabitation In the aspect of dissolution of unions, cohabiting couples are more likely to separate than married couples. In the event cohabitation progresses into a marriage, the dissolution of the union is attributed to the permissive nature of cohabitation. The same attitude is carried into the legalized relationship thus insecurity, commitment and fidelity affects the relationship. Cohabiting couples favor divorce a solution to marital conflicts when compared to married couples. Economic Issues Economically, married couples are better off compared to non-married ones. The nature of marriage unifies the financial resources of the couple while for cohabiting couple autonomy is still expected. Financial spending and planning decisions in married couples are combined efforts while that provision is missing in cohabiting couples. Conclusion In essence, both married and cohabiting couples follow the same social structure except cohabitation does not carry the legal impediments of a marriage. Social acceptability of cohabitation remains mixed as conservative societies still frown on the arrangement for moral and legal grounds. Most would still encourage cohabiting couples to legalize their relationship. While autonomous and liberal philosophies accentuate cohabitation arrangements, they are not enough to prevent dissolution and solve problems that are outcomes of the arrangement. The legally binding nature of marriage deters couples from ending the union because of selfish and whimsical motives. The legal recognition ensures that the social foundation of family remains intact. References Ambert, A. (2005). Cohabitation and marriage: How are they related? The Vanier Institute of the Family. Retrieved 30 May 2007 The verdict on Cohabitation vs. marriage (2001) Retrieved 30 May 2007 Related essay: â€Å"My Ideal Wife†

Influence Of African And European Music On The New World

Jazz is an art form which developed completely in the new world. However, the influence of African and European music spread due to immigration, slavery and trade. Jazz has a complex history which has roots in a diverse range of musical genres. Many factors which affected the development of jazz were intentional. However, many were also circumstantial, and as a result, gave jazz unique elements which otherwise would not be present. Jazz has two main genres of music which influenced it: Western military marches and traditional music which came from Africa and was developed by African Slaves. African slaves, while stripped of most of their culture, were usually allowed to sing vocal songs as they were shown to help get work done. These field hymns originated from the traditional musical practices in Africa, and developed over time. As slaves began setting up escape routes and converting to Christianity, their songs developed coded messages, usually using religious stories such as the E xodus as metaphors for running away. These songs always stayed true to African harmonies, melodies, and rhythms. On the Western side, marching bands were important from the begining of America. At the start of the 19th century, many blacks began being drafted to be musicians in these marching bands. They played an important role in directing the troops in various wars, such as the war of 1812 and the Civil War. After the end of the Civil War, there were many brass instruments in the hands ofShow MoreRelatedJazz And Jazz Culture1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is culture? What is African culture? What is Jazz music and where did it come from? How can one culture, in a sense, impact the musical landscape of the whole Western world and eventually assimilate into ‘pop’ culture? 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